Obama apuesta ante Felipe VI por una España “fuerte y unida”
El presidente de EE UU dice que quiere visitar España antes de que concluya su mandato
el pais - MARC BASSETS Washington 16 SEP 2015 - 14:49 CEST
El presidente Barack Obama se pronunció este martes en Washington a favor de una España “fuerte y unificada”. La declaración de Obama, tras reunirse con el rey Felipe VI, llega a menos de dos semanas de las elecciones del 27-S y en un momento de tensión por el futuro encaje de Cataluña en España. Obama evitó citar a Cataluña y después eludió dos preguntas de periodistas sobre si el asunto había figurado en la reunión. Pero sus palabras responden al deseo de las autoridades españolas de encontrar respaldos más explícitos de sus aliados a la posición del Gobierno ante la posibilidad de una secesión.
“En materia de política exterior, estamos profundamente comprometidos en mantener una relación con una España fuerte y unificada”, dijo Obama, sentado junto al Rey en el Despacho Oval de la Casa Blanca. El presidente manifestó su deseo de viajar a España antes de terminar su mandato, en enero de 2017.
Obama y el monarca hicieron sendas declaraciones, sin aceptar preguntas, tras una reunión de casi una hora, en la primera visita oficial de don Felipe como rey a la capital de Estados Unidos. Obama no entró en más detalles, y cuando EL PAÍS le preguntó específicamente si ambos habían hablado de Cataluña, se limitó a responder: “Gracias”.
“Nos necesitamos mutuamente”, dijo Felipe VI, en alusión a EE UU y España. “Nos necesitamos con otras naciones. Estamos en un momento en el que todo lo multilateral adquiere enorme importancia”. El Rey no habló, ni siquiera tangencialmente, de asuntos internos españoles.
La escena internacional se ha convertido en un campo de juego de la pugna sobre Cataluña. Las elecciones del 27-S, que la candidatura que impulsa el president, Artur Mas, quiere convertir en un plebiscito sobre la independencia, intensifican la pugna.
La Generalitat y los partidarios de la independencia han desarrollado en los últimos años una intensa actividad en Washington para exponer sus argumentos, primero a favor de un referéndum y, luego de la viabilidad de una Cataluña independiente. La idea es que la internacionalización del contencioso es la mejor vía para recabar apoyos para la causa del soberanismo.
Hasta ahora, la respuesta casi idéntica que altos funcionarios estadounidenses y los portavoces de la Casa Blanca ofrecían era que se trata de un asunto interno español. Obama mencionó la unidad de España sin que mediase ninguna pregunta de la prensa.
El secretario de Estado, John Kerry, reprodujo poco después esa declaración casi al pie de la letra en una comparecencia junto a su homólogo, el ministro de Exteriores, José Manuel García-Margallo.
Las palabras de Obama y Kerry son casi calcadas a las que el presidente de EE UU pronunció en junio de 2014 en una rueda de prensa sobre la posibilidad de una Escocia independiente.
En respuesta a una pregunta de la prensa, Obama insistió entonces en que eran los escoceses quienes, en el referéndum previsto para septiembre de aquel año, debían decidir sobre su futuro. Y agregó: “Obviamente, tenemos un interés profundo en asegurarnos de que uno de los aliados más estrechos que jamás tendremos siga siendo fuerte, robusto, unido y un socio efectivo”.
Mientras se producía el encuentro, Michelle, la esposa de Obama, ofrecía un té a la reina Letizia, que celebra en Estados Unidos su 43 cumpleaños
Esta es la posición tradicional de un país como EE UU ante sus aliados. Prefiere verlos unidos que disgregados, estables que en crisis. España no alcanza la categoría de amigo estrecho y especial de Reino Unido, pero Madrid es un aliado leal en la OTAN y otros foros internacionales.
La relación mutua ha vivido vaivenes en la última década, desde el apoyo del Gobierno de José María Aznar a la invasión de Irak a la retirada con José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero. La amenaza yihadista en el norte de África ha reforzado el papel estratégico de España como aliado en el sur de Europa.
El viaje de los Reyes, que concluirá el viernes en Florida, comenzó en Mount Vernon, la residencia del primer presidente y padre de la independencia, George Washington. En el Despacho Oval, el Rey y Obama abordaron desde la incierta recuperación económica de España a la crisis de los refugiados en Europa.
El viaje de los Reyes, que concluirá el viernes en Florida, comenzó en Mount Vernon, la residencia del primer presidente y padre de la independencia, George Washington
Felipe VI tuvo ocasión de mantener un primer encuentro con Obama el 23 de septiembre del pasado año en Nueva York, tres meses después de su proclamación, con ocasión de su participación en la Asamblea General de la ONU, pero esta es la primera vez que el monarca y la reina Letizia acuden a la Casa Blanca, en el marco de una visita oficial a EE UU de cuatro días.
Mientras se producía el encuentro, Michelle, la esposa de Obama, ofrecía un té a la reina Letizia, que celebra hoy su 43 cumpleaños.
En las últimas semanas, la diplomacia española ha obtenido el apoyo a su posición ante Cataluña de la canciller alemana Angela Merkel y el primer ministro británico, David Cameron.
Fue un presidente de EE UU, Woodrow Wilson, el que popularizó el derecho a la autodeterminación, y este es el argumento que, hace una semana, un grupo de congresistas republicanos esgrimieron, tras reunirse con representantes de la Generalitat, para defender la necesidad de un referéndum en Cataluña. Pero EE UU también es la patria de Abraham Lincoln, cuyo busto, junto al de Martin Luther King, preside el Despacho Oval. Y, como recuerdan algunos juristas cuando se les pregunta sobre la posible secesión de un estado de EE UU, esta discusión se zanjó cuando Lincoln derrotó a los secesionistas del Sur en la guerra civil, entre 1861 y 1865.
Discurso de Obama ante Felipe VI (en inglés)
THE PRESIDENT: Well, it is a wonderful honor and pleasure to welcome His Majesty King Felipe to the Oval Office. We’ve had occasion to meet before but this is the first time that he has visited while I’ve been in office in an official capacity. So welcome, Your Majesty.
His Majesty is here in part to celebrate in St. Augustine, Florida, the oldest Spanish settlement here in the hemisphere, 450 years, which in Europe is a very brief time, but here in the United States that’s a very long time.
So that visit is a reminder of the long history and bonds between our two peoples. At the same time, we want to wish on behalf of the American people, a happy birthday to Her Majesty, the Queen. She is currently being hosted by Michelle. And given the Queen’s outstanding work on issues like hunger and malnutrition, she and Michelle I’m sure have a lot to talk about.
His Majesty and I have had an excellent conversation in which we reaffirmed what both the Spanish people and the American people understand, which is we have an outstanding, long-lasting friendship and alliance that is important not only to our two countries but also to the NATO alliance and also to the world.
I emphasized to His Majesty our great appreciation for the security agreements and bilateral ties, the fact that Spain is a host for so many Americans who every single day are working to keep us safe and working together, side by side with Spanish armed servicemembers, to provide the collective security that’s so important to us all.
I expressed appreciation for the work we’re doing side by side in training Afghan security forces and pushing back against ISIL and other extremists in the Middle East; the counterterrorism efforts that we engage in together, including strong cooperation with our intelligence services; and the peacekeeping efforts that Spain engages in in places like Lebanon that are not only important to our security but also are important in keeping people safe and providing humanitarian assistance.
We also had the opportunity to discuss the migration crisis that’s taking place currently in Europe. And Spain has worked hard to deal with this issue in the past with North African migrants that oftentimes are engaged in very dangerous travels, and human trafficking that takes place. Obviously, that’s gotten worse over the last several months.
And we agree that this is going to require cooperation with all the European countries and the United States and the international community in order to ensure that people are safe; that they are treated with shared humanity; and that we ultimately have to deal with the source of the problem, which is the ongoing crisis in Syria. And we discussed how we can continue to strengthen that cooperation. And I discussed the fact that the United States feels it is important for us to also take our share of Syrian refugees as part of this overall humanitarian effort.
We discussed economic cooperation. I congratulated Spain on the progress that it’s made in recovering from a brutal recession, but recognized that more work needs to be done on both sides of the Atlantic to improve opportunity and prosperity for our people. And whether it’s working together on trade agreements or entrepreneurship that encourage greater formation of small and medium-sized businesses that can create jobs and opportunity, we are coordinating closely with the Spanish government to ensure that we continue to deepen the economic cooperation that already exists.
And let me just say in conclusion that in the past, the Spanish people have hosted my family. I hope that I can travel to Spain before the end of my presidency. There’s no country that I’d enjoy more for a visit. And I think that sentiment is shared by the American people. We feel a great affinity and a great friendship with the Spanish people.
And as a matter of foreign policy, we are deeply committed to maintaining a relationship with a strong and unified Spain. We think that Spain’s presence is important not only to Europe, but also to the United States and also to the world. And the leadership that His Majesty has shown during his first year in the throne I think has been an outstanding example for all of us.
His Majesty is here in part to celebrate in St. Augustine, Florida, the oldest Spanish settlement here in the hemisphere, 450 years, which in Europe is a very brief time, but here in the United States that’s a very long time.
So that visit is a reminder of the long history and bonds between our two peoples. At the same time, we want to wish on behalf of the American people, a happy birthday to Her Majesty, the Queen. She is currently being hosted by Michelle. And given the Queen’s outstanding work on issues like hunger and malnutrition, she and Michelle I’m sure have a lot to talk about.
His Majesty and I have had an excellent conversation in which we reaffirmed what both the Spanish people and the American people understand, which is we have an outstanding, long-lasting friendship and alliance that is important not only to our two countries but also to the NATO alliance and also to the world.
I emphasized to His Majesty our great appreciation for the security agreements and bilateral ties, the fact that Spain is a host for so many Americans who every single day are working to keep us safe and working together, side by side with Spanish armed servicemembers, to provide the collective security that’s so important to us all.
I expressed appreciation for the work we’re doing side by side in training Afghan security forces and pushing back against ISIL and other extremists in the Middle East; the counterterrorism efforts that we engage in together, including strong cooperation with our intelligence services; and the peacekeeping efforts that Spain engages in in places like Lebanon that are not only important to our security but also are important in keeping people safe and providing humanitarian assistance.
We also had the opportunity to discuss the migration crisis that’s taking place currently in Europe. And Spain has worked hard to deal with this issue in the past with North African migrants that oftentimes are engaged in very dangerous travels, and human trafficking that takes place. Obviously, that’s gotten worse over the last several months.
And we agree that this is going to require cooperation with all the European countries and the United States and the international community in order to ensure that people are safe; that they are treated with shared humanity; and that we ultimately have to deal with the source of the problem, which is the ongoing crisis in Syria. And we discussed how we can continue to strengthen that cooperation. And I discussed the fact that the United States feels it is important for us to also take our share of Syrian refugees as part of this overall humanitarian effort.
We discussed economic cooperation. I congratulated Spain on the progress that it’s made in recovering from a brutal recession, but recognized that more work needs to be done on both sides of the Atlantic to improve opportunity and prosperity for our people. And whether it’s working together on trade agreements or entrepreneurship that encourage greater formation of small and medium-sized businesses that can create jobs and opportunity, we are coordinating closely with the Spanish government to ensure that we continue to deepen the economic cooperation that already exists.
And let me just say in conclusion that in the past, the Spanish people have hosted my family. I hope that I can travel to Spain before the end of my presidency. There’s no country that I’d enjoy more for a visit. And I think that sentiment is shared by the American people. We feel a great affinity and a great friendship with the Spanish people.
And as a matter of foreign policy, we are deeply committed to maintaining a relationship with a strong and unified Spain. We think that Spain’s presence is important not only to Europe, but also to the United States and also to the world. And the leadership that His Majesty has shown during his first year in the throne I think has been an outstanding example for all of us.
So we are very grateful for his visit and hope that he has a wonderful trip down to Florida.
Discurso de Felipe VI ante Obama (en inglés)
KING FELIPE: Thank you, Mr. President. I would like to say a few words in English and then also in Spanish if that's okay with all of you gentlemen, ladies.
First of all, I would like to thank President Obama for this opportunity to come and visit, to be here at the White House in this first official visit I do as King of Spain, as head of state, to the United States.
There’s a long history of our relationships. There’s a long history about the links of Spain to this great country. And all of that comes to front in this -- is present and this President.
I follow in the footsteps of my father. He’s had a longstanding relationship with many Presidents of the United States. And also my presence here brings to mind memories of my time in Washington as a student. I spent two years here in Georgetown University, my alma mater. And now being here as a head of state, visiting the White House brings a lot of emotion to this opportunity.
And I want to thank the President, as well, for this opportunity to reflect and to mention all those issues that bind us closely together and comes to -- brings us together into our commitments to continue the flourishing of our bilateral relations, and also our shared efforts in the international community and to address all those global issues that are pressing so strongly.
When we talk about history, of course, this visit is being held at a moment where we're celebrating 450 years, as you mentioned, of the city of St. Augustine, the first European permanent settlement in the U.S. And we will be visiting both Miami and St. Augustine. There’s a lot of history that we’ll be remembering.
When I went this morning to visit Mount Vernon, I wanted to start off this visit with that emotional touch honoring and respecting the first U.S. President, George Washington, and also reflecting upon the history that binds us together with the birth of this nation and your strive for independence in which Bernardo de Galvez, as you know, had a very important participation.
He has gained for his own merit the honor of being considered honorary citizen of the United States -- not too many people have accomplished that. And we happened to see his portrait on the Foreign Relations Senate Committee and closely to Friar Junípero Serra’s statue, another Spaniard that has taken a very strong role in the history of this country and is soon going to be canonized by Pope Francis in his visit in coming days.
I would like to share what I expressed to the President in terms of admiration and respect to this great nation. We have respect as allies, as friends. We appreciate the ongoing relationships of all our governments. And because we share many values, share values of greater liberty, of unity, of democracy, and, obviously, also human rights and respect for diversity, and admiration because of the success throughout history that the American people have come to build this great nation, and to perform a role -- not an easy role in the world, and always striving to help other nations find their way to democracy and to stability and to peace.
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